Sažetak
Povećana učestalost gojaznosti kod dece predškolskog uzrasta predstavlja značajan globalni javnozdravstveni izazov, sa stopama koje dostižu epidemijske razmere. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se proceni zastupljenost prekomerne telesne mase i gojaznosti kod dece ranog uzrasta u Bujanovcu, primenom referentnih vrednosti Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) i Centara za kontrolu i prevenciju bolesti (CDC). Analiziranu kohortu činila su deca koja pohađaju vrtić „Naša radost“ u Bujanovcu. U istraživanju je učestvovalo 106 ispitanika, od kojih je 50 dečaka (47%) i 56 devojčica (53%), uzrasta od 3 do 6 godina (44–77 meseci). Za svakog ispitanika evidentirani su antropometrijski pokazatelji, uključujući telesnu masu i telesnu visinu, na osnovu kojih je izračunat indeks telesne mase (BMI). Dobijene vrednosti BMI zatim su upoređene sa referentnim standardima SZO i CDC-a. Prema kriterijumima SZO, kod 11,3% ispitanika utvrđena je prekomerna telesna masa, dok je 14,2% bilo gojazno. Istovremeno, prema smernicama CDC-a, 13,2% dece klasifikovano je kao deca sa prekomernom telesnom masom, a 12,3% kao gojazna deca. Oba kriterijuma procene pokazala su identičnu ukupnu prevalenciju prekomerne telesne mase i gojaznosti od 25,5%. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se prisustvo prekomerne telesne mase kod dece predškolskog uzrasta u Bujanovcu približava trendovima zabeleženim u zemljama Zapadne Evrope, dok prevazilazi vrednosti registrovane u regionima Bliskog istoka i Afrike. Takođe, nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između interpretativnih modela SZO i CDC-a u klasifikaciji kategorija telesne mase kod ovog uzorka (p=0,716). Značajna zastupljenost prekomerne telesne mase evidentirana u ovom istraživanju ukazuje na hitnu potrebu za razvojem ciljanih preventivnih programa i javnozdravstvenih strategija usmerenih na smanjenje ovih pokazatelja i ublažavanje dugoročnih zdravstvenih rizika povezanih sa gojaznošću u ranom detinjstvu.
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Key words
gojaznost, deca predškolskog uzrasta, prekomerna telesna masa, BMI indeks, južna Srbija.
